Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract Primary objective of this study was to examine the interplay between grip strength, a functional marker of hypertrophy, and its connection to the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiome. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups using a computerized randomizer: old and young control groups (OC, YC), old resistance training group (OR), old supplement group (OS), and old resistance training combined with supplement group (ORS). Rats in the OR and ORS cohorts underwent eight weeks of ladder-climbing resistance training three times a week, while those in the OS group were given supplements 5 times per week after the intervention. Muscle samples were collected from all rats two days’ post-intervention. FOXO1, BAX, and cytochrome C, were assessed using PCR-real time. Analysis of the data was carried out using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey testing. The results revealed a decrease in FOXO1 and apoptotic gene expression post-intervention, with a more pronounced reduction observed in the ORS group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Notably, supplementation alone did not impact FOXO1 expression, akin to the effect of exercise on cytochrome C. A moderate negative correlation was documented between the F/B ratio and grip strength (p= 0.003; r= -0.54). Additionally, positive and moderate correlations were observed between FOXO1, BAX, cytochrome C, and the F/B ratio (p<0.05). These findings emphasize a functional association between the gut microbiome and muscle through their metabolites, indicating mutual regulation. Furthermore, it is suggested that exercise and supplements may further enhance these interconnected mechanisms.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effect of resistance-aerobic exercise and curcumin consumption on brain wnt/β-catenin expression and their correlation with muscle-enriched myokine musclin in rats with glioblastoma multiforme. Fourty male Wistar rats were used in this study. After getting familiarized with the research environment, the rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: healthy control, tumor control, tumor + resistance-aerobic exercise, tumor + Nano-curcumin supplement, and tumor + aerobic-resistance exercise + Nano-curcumin supplement. For tumor induction, glioblastoma stereotaxic injection was utilized in the frontal cortex. The exercise training group did aerobic training and resistance training 3 days a week for 4 weeks. Nano curcumin supplement was gavage with a dose of 80 mg/kg for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. The brain histology changes of the groups with GBM injection confirmed brain tumor induction compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). The expression of wnt/β-catenin genes in all tumor groups showed a significant increase compared to the healthy control group. Treatment with resistance-aerobic exercise and curcumin (especially the combination of both) revealed the greatest decrease in the expression of wnt/β-catenin genes compared to the tumor group. Wnt mRNA had a negative correlation with musclin mRNA in Tumor+N. cur group (r=-0.905, p=0.001). It seems that the use of nano supplements along with combined resistance-aerobic exercise can control the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in brain tumor tissue. In addition, the cross talk between muscle and brain should be more studied with considering different myokine.

Abstract Impaired cell internal settings and excessive proliferation causes the occurrence of diverse ranges of syndrom and diseases. The pathological stress underlying these conditions triggers persistent flux through multiple intracellular signaling pathways amongst MAPK/ERK as master regulator. Regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of muscle contraction induced myokines and nano-curcumin supplementation, we aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic training and nano-curcumin supplementation on RAS and ERK gene expression in rat muscle tissue. In this experimental study, 32 male wistar rats (aged 4-6 weeks, 130-150 g) were randomly assigned into 4 groups, including Control (C), Moderate Intensity Continious Training (MICT), Nano-Curcumin Supplementation (NCS) and Moderate Intensity Continious Training + Nano-curcumin (MICT+NCS). The training groups implemented the MICT protocol consisted of running at a velocity of 18-20 m/min, 5 days a week and for a total time of 4 weeks. The Supplement groups received 80 mg/kg/day through oral gavage. Regarding the results of one-way ANOVA, 4 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and Nano-curcumin supplementation led to a significant difference in the RAS (P=0.001) and ERK (P=0.01) gene expression levels in muscle tissue of rats among the study groups. Also, the results of the Bonferronie test showed that implementation of 4 weeks of MICT along with nano-curcumin supplementation alleviated the RAS/ERK gene expression levels, meanwhile nano-curcumin more efficiently down-regulated the pathway; suggesting that nano-curcumin can be an effective ergogenic aid for improving anti-inflmmatory properties through RAS/ERK signaling pathway.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endurance, resistance, and Concurrent endurance and resistance training on fat oxidation and fatigue levels in obese diabetic rats. A total of forty overweight rats (average weight of 380 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned to five distinct groups. Diabetes was induced through peritoneal administration of Streptozotocin at a dosage of 55 mg/kg body weight. Endurance training was conducted via moderate-intensity treadmill running (50%-70% of maximum running capacity) for a duration of eight weeks, with sessions lasting one hour per day, five days a week. Resistance training involved ladder climbing at 50-70% of maximum load, also for eight weeks, with five sessions per week, comprising 15 climbs per session and a one-minute rest interval between climbs. The Concurrent training regimen alternated between treadmill and ladder exercises. Levels of CPT1 and CPT2 were quantified using rat CPT1 and CPT2 ELISA kits, both prior to and 48 hours following the training period. Fatigue indices were assessed as well. All three training modalities significantly influenced CPT1 levels (F=93.35, P=0.001) and led to a notable increase in CPT2 levels (F=26.76, P=0.001). Additionally, significant alterations in fatigue indices were observed (F=26.12, P=0.001). The findings suggest that aerobic, resistance, and Concurrent training regimens can enhance metabolic function and prolong the duration until fatigue in elderly diabetic rats. Nonetheless, the extent of these improvements is somewhat contingent upon the specific type of exercise performed, with aerobic and Concurrent training demonstrating a more pronounced effect compared to resistance training.

Abstract We investigate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic training and probiotic supplementation on glycemic index and the correlation between glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and interleukin 15 (IL-15) in rats fed a high-fat diet. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (8 each): healthy control, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+ aerobic exercise (Tr), HFD+ probiotic supplement (Sup) and HFD+Tr+Sup. Rats in the HFD group received a special high-fat diet for 2 months before the main protocol. The rats in the training groups ran on a rodent treadmill for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Lactobacillus bifidus supplement was gavage to the rats of the supplemented groups in the amount of 10⁹ CFU/ml after each round of training. The results of the statistical test showed that the HFD groups had a significant decrease in GPX compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). However, only the HFD+Tr+Sup group showed a significant increase in GPX compared to the HFD and HFD+Tr groups (p<0.05). In contrast, HFD+Sup showed a significant increase in IL-15 gene expression compared to the healthy control group. Compared to the HFD group, the HFD+Tr and HFD+Tr+Sup groups showed a decrease and the HFD+Sup group showed a significant increase in IL-15 gene expression (p<0.05). The correlation between GPX and IL-15 was not confirmed (p<0.05). It seems that exercise training and lactobacillus supplementation are effective in regulating glucose, GPX and IL-15 indices after HFD. However, more studies should be done for the relationship and cross talk between antioxidant indices and IL-15.

Abstract Exercise training is known to enhance lipolysis in response to hormonal challenges, but the impact of different exercise modalities on fat metabolism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of interval training on enzymes and hormones involved fat breakdown in rats with metabolic syndrome, focusing on the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), as well as plasma levels of glucagon and epinephrine. Thirty-five male rats were randomly divided into five groups (7 rats/group): Experimental Group1 (6 weeks of fructose solution), Experimental Group2 (6 weeks of fructose+8 weeks of interval training), Experimental Group3 (14 weeks of fructose), Control Group1 (6 weeks without intervention), and Control Group2 (14 weeks without intervention). Western blot analysis assessed HSL and ATGL expression, while ELISA measured plasma glucagon and epinephrine levels. Fructose consumption for 6 and 14 weeks induced metabolic syndrome in male rats, leading to a significant reduction in HSL and ATGL protein expression (P = 0.024 and P = 0.034, respectively). Interval training for 8 weeks significantly increased HSL and ATGL levels (P = 0.011 and P = 0.025, respectively), indicating enhanced fat tissue breakdown. Moreover, interval training significantly decreased glucagon levels (P = 0.015), though it did not affect epinephrine levels (P = 0.159). Interval training effectively reverses some metabolic syndrome-associated impairments in fat metabolism, specifically increasing key lipolytic enzymes and reducing glucagon levels. This suggests a potential therapeutic role for interval training in managing metabolic syndrome.

Abstract The present study will investigate the changes and correlation between the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise supplemented with the probiotic Lactobacillus bifidus. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (8 each): healthy control, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+aerobic exercise (Tr), HFD+probiotic supplementation (Sup), and HFD+Tr+Sup. The rats in the HFD group received a special high-fat diet for 2 months prior to the main protocol. The rats in the exercise groups ran on a rodent treadmill for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Lactobacillus bifidus supplementation was gavaged at a dose of 1 cc to the rats in the supplementation groups after each exercise session. Finally, the rats were sacrificed, and the IL-10 variable was measured using the Real-Time PCR method. The results of the present study indicated that the high-fat diet increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p<0.05). The HFD and HFD+Sup groups showed a significant decrease in SOD compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). All treatment groups demonstrated a significant increase in SOD compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). The HFD+Tr and HFD+Tr+Sup groups showed a significant increase in IL-10 compared to the HFD group (p<0.05). However, the correlation between SOD and IL-10 was not confirmed (p>0.05). There was no correlation between the antioxidant enzyme and IL-10. Nevertheless, exercise and Lactobacillus bifidus were able to regulate the lipid profile, SOD, and IL-10 after a high-fat diet.

Abstract Cancer is regarded as one of the most cunning and perilous diseases globally. Numerous studies have emphasized the significance of exercise both prior to cancer diagnosis and after hospital discharge, in conjunction with various treatment approaches. However, the role of exercise during cancer itself remains an unresolved query. Oncology research reveals that three crucial factors for metastasis and tumor progression during cancer are lactate, platelets, and angiogenesis. Interestingly, exercise can also have a noteworthy impact on stimulating these three factors. In this brief review, our aim is to shed light on the potential appropriateness of exercise during cancer.