Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Journal of Eexercise & Organ Cross Talk

Functional interference (crosstalk) between gut microbiome, proteolysis, apoptosis and muscle hypertrophy: Role of resistance training and supplement

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mona Nouri 1
Hamid Arazi 2

1 Department of Exercise Physiology, University Campus, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran

2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22122/jeoct.2024.463170.1112
Abstract
Primary objective of this study was to examine the interplay between grip strength, a functional marker of hypertrophy, and its connection to the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiome. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups using a computerized randomizer: old and young control groups (OC, YC), old resistance training group (OR), old supplement group (OS), and old resistance training combined with supplement group (ORS). Rats in the OR and ORS cohorts underwent eight weeks of ladder-climbing resistance training three times a week, while those in the OS group were given supplements 5 times per week after the intervention. Muscle samples were collected from all rats two days’ post-intervention. FOXO1, BAX, and cytochrome C, were assessed using PCR-real time. Analysis of the data was carried out using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey testing. The results revealed a decrease in FOXO1 and apoptotic gene expression post-intervention, with a more pronounced reduction observed in the ORS group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Notably, supplementation alone did not impact FOXO1 expression, akin to the effect of exercise on cytochrome C. A moderate negative correlation was documented between the F/B ratio and grip strength (p= 0.003; r= -0.54). Additionally, positive and moderate correlations were observed between FOXO1, BAX, cytochrome C, and the F/B ratio (p<0.05). These findings emphasize a functional association between the gut microbiome and muscle through their metabolites, indicating mutual regulation. Furthermore, it is suggested that exercise and supplements may further enhance these interconnected mechanisms.

What is already known on this subject?

Recent studies have shown that the F/B ratio can be influenced by various factors, including lifestyle choices, medication usage, physical activity, and nutrition. However, the connection between this ratio and proteolysis and apoptosis was previously unclear, and previous assumptions were primarily based on the anti-inflammatory properties of the gut microbiome on other organs.

 

What this study adds?

The current study revealed that the F/B ratio is associated with muscle function and proteolysis. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the administration of resistance training and nutraceutical components can restore the gut microbiota composition to a state similar to that of younger individuals. Additionally, a positive correlation between apoptosis and the F/B ratio, which was previously unknown, was observed.

Keywords

F/B ratio
BAX
FOXO1
Resistance training
Aging
Muscle hypertrophy

Subjects

Acknowledgements

The authors extend their gratitude to all individuals who contributed to the execution and progression of this research, with special thanks to the Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology for their provision of supplemental materials for this study.

Funding

None.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest To ensure that all procedures were conducted in accordance.

Ethical approval All phases of the housing and utilization of rats in the experimental protocol were conducted in compliance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (ethical code: IR.SBU.REC.1402.121).

Informed consent Animal study.

Author contributions

Conceptualization: H.A.; Methodology: H.A., M.N.; Software: M.N., M.M; Validation: M.N., Formal analysis; Investigation: M.N., H.A.; Resources: H.A.; Data curation: H.A., M.M.; Writing -original draft: M.N.; Writing – review & editing: H.A., M.M; Visualization: H.A.; Supervision: H.A. Project administration: M.N., M.M.; Funding acquisition: H.A.

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Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Volume 4, Issue 1
Winter 2024
Pages 1-11

  • Receive Date 15 January 2024
  • Revise Date 17 March 2024
  • Accept Date 19 March 2024

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