Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Journal of Eexercise & Organ Cross Talk

Effects of eight weeks of resistance training and vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance, glycemic control, and inflammatory markers in men with type 2 diabetes: A single blind randomized controlled trial

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Sepideh Salimi 1
SeyedSepehr Mousavi 1
Asal Mohammadi 1
Mohammad Hadi Pourramezan 2
Sara Yazdan mehr 1
Anahita Sarrafpour Habibi 1

1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.

10.22122/jeoct.2026.583128.1205
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of resistance training (Ex), vitamin D supplementation (VD), and their combination (VD+Ex) on insulin resistance (HOMA IR), glycemic control (HbA1c, fasting glucose), inflammatory markers (interleukin 6 [IL 6] and C reactive protein [CRP]), and anthropometric measures in men with T2DM. In this single blind randomized controlled trial, 40 men with T2DM (aged 40–55 years) were randomly allocated into four groups (n=10 each): placebo control (PI), vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU/day, VD), resistance training (three sessions/week, 60–70% of 1RM, progressive overload, Ex), and combined VD+Ex. All participants maintained their usual diet, lifestyle, and anti diabetic medications. Fasting blood samples were collected pre and post intervention to measure serum glucose, insulin, 25 hydroxy vitamin D, IL 6, and CRP. HOMA IR was calculated. Post hoc analysis showed that the Ex group had significantly lower HOMA IR than the placebo group (p=0.002), and the VD+Ex group had significantly lower HOMA IR compared to both placebo (p<0.001) and VD alone (p=0.001). The comparison between VD+Ex and Ex was not statistically significant (p>0.05). No significant difference in HbA1c was observed (p=0.210). For body fat percentage, both Ex (p=0.043) and VD+Ex (p<0.001 vs. placebo;p=0.009 vs. VD) showed significant reductions. IL 6 levels were significantly lower in the Ex and VD+Ex groups compared to placebo and VD groups (p<0.001 for both). No significant changes were found in CRP levels (p=0.078).

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes
Resistance training
Vitamin D supplementation
Insulin resistance
Interleukin 6
HOMA IR
Subjects
Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 September 2026

  • Receive Date 24 April 2026
  • Revise Date 06 June 2026
  • Accept Date 09 June 2026

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