Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training on Markers of bone metabolism and bone density in Male Wistar Rats under unhealthy high fat, sugar, salt Diet.

Methods: The study design was an 8-week protocol consisting of three groups: Control (CO), Western diet (WD) and Western diet+Sprint interval training (SIT) (WD/SIT). WD rats received a high-fat, sugar, and salt diet, while WD/SIT rats followed the same diet combined with sprint interval training.

Results: The one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between groups for all variables (p<0.05). Effect sizes (η²) ranged from 0.47 to 0.99, indicating large effects for bone density (η²=0.99), ALP(η²=0.77), phosphorus (η²=0.74), and calcium (η²=0.47). Post-hoc analysis by LSD test showed that the WD group exhibited a significantly lower femur bone density percentage (24.09±2.32) compared to both the control (58.40±1.64) and WD/SIT (47.67±1.60) groups (p<0.001). Regarding bone metabolism markers, the WD/SIT group demonstrated significantly reduced serum ALP levels (195.67±20.83IU/L) compared to the control (248.33±29.30IU/L) and WD (253.17±38.46IU/L) groups (p<0.001). For serum phosphorus, the WD/SIT group (5.68±0.58 mg/dL) was significantly lower than the control (7.68±0.63 mg/dL) and WD (8.58±0.78mg/dL) groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, serum calcium levels in the control group (10.27±0.80 mg/dL) were significantly higher than in the WD/SIT (8.92±0.61 mg/dL) and WD (9.18 ± 0.28 mg/dL) groups (p< 0.01).

Conclusion: These results indicate that a high-calorie, high-salt diet had a negative effect on bone metabolism. However, sprint interval training partially attenuated these adverse effects.