Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Journal of Eexercise & Organ Cross Talk

Crosstalk between movement disorders, sleep disturbances and striatum: A comprehensive review

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

Esmail Karami 1
Faeze Baniyaghoobi 2

1 Clinical Biomechanics and Ergonomics Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Instructor, department of Military Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22122/jeoct.2025.551029.1174
Abstract
Movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease frequently present with comorbid sleep disturbances, which exacerbate motor symptoms and reduce patients’ quality of life. The striatum, a critical basal ganglia structure, is implicated in both motor control and sleep regulation and represents the key anatomical locus affected in these disorders. While nutritional and exercise interventions have shown promise independently, a significant gap remains in understanding the synergistic molecular crosstalk between these lifestyle modifications and how they collectively target the striatal mechanisms disrupted by sleep deprivation. This review synthesizes evidence to elucidate the integrated, neurobiological effects of combined nutritional and exercise interventions on sleep deprivation-associated movement disorders, emphasizing the striatum’s pivotal role. We establish that exercise, through the induction of neurotrophic factors (like BDNF/GDNF) and enhanced dopaminergic signaling (DAT), provides a critical foundation for synaptic repair. This foundation is synergistically amplified by targeted nutritional strategies, such as polyphenols and omega-3s, which augment antioxidant capacity, dampen neuroinflammation (NRF2/NFκB axis), and modulate key receptors (like A2AR) within the striatum. These combined, non-pharmacological approaches more effectively restore striatal homeostasis and redox balance than either intervention alone, resulting in superior improvement in both motor function and sleep quality. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies (e.g., RCTs with multimodal endpoints) are warranted to refine optimal intervention protocols and personalize therapeutic strategies. Incorporating these findings into clinical guidelines could promote holistic, synergistic management strategies that improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

What is already known on this subject?

Movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and dystonia frequently co-occur with significant sleep disturbances, including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and rapid eye movement.

 

What this study adds?

Striatal dysfunction is the common nexus driving the co-morbidity of sleep disturbances and movement impairments, we advocate for a fundamental shift toward integrated, lifestyle-based neurorehabilitation.

Keywords

Movement disorders
Striatum
Sleep disturbances
Nutritional interventions
Exercise interventions

Subjects

Acknowledgements

None.

Funding

No sources of funding were sought or awarded for this study.

Data availability

Review article.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval Not applicable.

Informed consent Not applicable. 

Author contributions 

Conceptualization: E.K., Methodology: F.B.; Software: None.; Validation: E.K., Formal analysis: None.; Investigation: E.K.; Resources: F.B.; Data curation: None.; Writing - original draft: E.K., Writing–review & editing: F.B.; Visualization: E.K.; Supervision: F.B.; Project administration: E.K.; Funding acquisition: F.B.  

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Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Volume 5, Issue 3
Summer 2025
Pages 137-147

  • Receive Date 04 June 2025
  • Revise Date 07 September 2025
  • Accept Date 14 September 2025

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