Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Journal of Eexercise & Organ Cross Talk

Artificial intelligence in decoding muscle–organ crosstalk: Unveiling myokine networks and therapeutic frontiers

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

Ehsan Arabzadeh 1
Fatemeh Khanzadeh 2
Arezoo Kalhor 3

1 Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Master of Science, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, K.C., Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22122/jeoct.2025.522316.1149
Abstract
Skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ, secreting myokines that mediate crosstalk with organs like the brain, liver, adipose tissue, and vascular system, influencing metabolism, inflammation, and disease progression. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are revolutionizing our ability to decode these complex interactions by predicting novel myokines, modeling signaling networks, and identifying therapeutic targets. Exercise training plays a pivotal role in modulating myokine expression, with both aerobic and resistance exercise inducing small to large increases in circulating myokines immediately to 60 minutes post-exercise, though levels typically return to baseline within hours. Different exercise modalities (resistance, aerobic, concurrent, high intensity interval training) stimulate distinct myokine profiles. These exercise-induced myokines contribute to improved metabolic regulation, muscle regeneration, and systemic health benefits, underscoring the therapeutic potential of tailored exercise interventions mediated through myokine signaling networks. This review explores how machine learning and network analysis tools bridge gaps in understanding myokine dynamics, particularly in exercise-induced contexts and pathologies such as obesity, cancer, and neurodegeneration. By integrating multi-omics data, AI-driven approaches offer unprecedented insights into myokine-mediated organ communication and their potential as biomarkers or treatments.

What is already known on this subject?

Skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ, secreting myokines that mediate crosstalk with organs like the brain, liver, adipose tissue, and vascular system, influencing metabolism, inflammation, and disease progression.

 

What this study adds?

The integration of artificial intelligence with myokine research is transforming our understanding of muscle–organ crosstalk by enabling the prediction of novel myokines, modeling complex signaling networks, and identifying therapeutic targets.

Keywords

Myokine
Artificial intelligence
Muscle
Organ crosstalk

Subjects

Acknowledgements

None.

Funding

No funding.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval Not applicable.

Informed consent Not applicable

Author contributions

Conceptualization: A.K.; Methodology: E.A.; Software: None.; Validation: F.Kh., Formal analysis: none.; Investigation: A.K.; Resources: F.Kh.; Data curation: None.; Writing - original draft: E.A.; Writing – review & editing: E.A.; Visualization: A.K.; Supervision: A.K. Project administration: F.Kh.; Funding acquisition: A.K.

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Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Volume 4, Issue 4
Autumn 2024
Pages 292-297

  • Receive Date 09 September 2024
  • Revise Date 09 December 2024
  • Accept Date 19 December 2024

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