Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Journal of Eexercise & Organ Cross Talk

Gut-muscle crosstalk: The effect of endurance training and probiotic supplementation on intestinal villus structure, postbiotics and VO2max in old male rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Lotfali Lotfi
Bahman Mirzaei
Javad Mehrabani

Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22122/jeoct.2024.475229.1120
Abstract
The aim of this study was the effect of endurance exercise and probiotic supplement enriched with amino acid leucine and vitamin D on the gut-muscle axis in aged male rats. For this purpose, 25 male Wistar rats (5 rats in each group) in two age groups of 8 to 12 weeks (young) and 18 to 24 months (elderly) were randomly divided into 5 equal groups of old control (OC), young control (YC), endurance exercise (OE), supplement group (OS) and endurance exercise plus supplement (OES) were divided. The results showed that 8 weeks of endurance training (three times a week) and supplemental oral gavage (5 times a week) caused a significant change in postbiotics (decrease of indoxyl sulfate (IXS) and increase of Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)). The role of OS in reducing IXS was more prominent than OE and OES variables; of course, the synergistic effect of OES (P=0.000), caused a greater improvement in the amount of SCFA. Also, Administering the supplement alone and at rest (without exercise) could not cause a significant increase in VO2max (P=0.449). But, the effect of exercise on increasing VO2max index was more effective than OS and even OES. Eventually, the independent variables made a significant difference on the Villus height (VH) (except for the OS group) and number of goblet cells (GC) compared to the OC group (P<0.05).

What is already known on this subject?

Aging can cause inflammation by affecting gut function and gut microbiota composition, thereby leading to muscle dysfunction. Gut microbiota metabolites are key mediators influencing the gut-muscle axis. Probiotics, vitamin D, leucine amino acid and Endurance exercise, through changes in the intestinal microbiota, improving the intestinal epithelial barrier, inhibiting oxidative stress and reducing ROS production, lead to increasing the production of positive intestinal metabolites (SCFAs), reducing negative metabolites (IXS and LPS) and improve chronic and systemic inflammation, which will ultimately improve mitochondrial function and endurance exercise.

 

What this study adds?

The effect of OS in negative intestinal metabolites (IXS) was more effective than OE and OES; So that there was no significant difference with the OY control group.

The synergistic effect of OES in increasing positive intestinal metabolites (SCFAs), improving intestinal structure (GC and VH) was more effective than the separate effect of OS and OE; So that there was no significant difference with the OY control group.

The effect of exercise on increasing Vo2max index was more effective than OS and even OES; So that there was no significant difference with the OY control group.

Administering the supplement alone and at rest (without exercise) could not cause a significant increase in VO2max.

 

What this study adds?

The effect of OS in negative intestinal metabolites (IXS) was more effective than OE and OES; So that there was no significant difference with the OY control group.

The synergistic effect of OES in increasing positive intestinal metabolites (SCFAs), improving intestinal structure (GC and VH) was more effective than the separate effect of OS and OE; So that there was no significant difference with the OY control group.

The effect of exercise on increasing Vo2max index was more effective than OS and even OES; So that there was no significant difference with the OY control group.

Administering the supplement alone and at rest (without exercise) could not cause a significant increase in Vo2max.

Keywords

Gut-Muscle axis
Postbiotic metabolites
Endurance training
Probiotic supplementation
VO2max
SCFA

Subjects

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the support and participation of the “Gene and Tissue Laboratory of Pasargad” during the laboratory stages.

Funding

None.

Compliance with ethical standards

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval Animals had free access to standard food and water. All stages of keeping and slaughtering rats were carried out according to the rules of the Animal Ethics Committee of Guilan University, rasht, Guilan, Iran (ethical code: IR.GUILAN.REC.1402.085).

Informed consent Animal study.

Author contributions

Conceptualization: B.M., J.M., L.L.; Methodology: B.M., J.M., L.L.; Software: L.L.; Validation: L.L., Formal analysis; Investigation: B.M., J.M., L.L.; Resources: B.M., J.M.; Data curation: B.M., J.M., L.L.; Writing - original draft: L.L.; Writing – review & editing: B.M., J.M.; Visualization: L.L., B.M., J.M.; Supervision: B.M., J.M. Project administration: L.L.; Funding acquisition: B.M., J.M.

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Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Volume 4, Issue 2
Spring 2024
Pages 86-98

  • Receive Date 25 March 2024
  • Revise Date 02 June 2024
  • Accept Date 08 June 2024

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