Response of serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and heat shock protein 70 levels to trachyspermum copticum and selected swimming training

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

2 MSc of Exercise Physiology, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department Food and Nutrition, Consumer Center of the German Federal State of Bavaria, Munich, Germany.

Abstract

Regular physical activity is the best defense against many diseases, illnesses, and abnormalities. Aerobic exercise and the consumption of herbal supplements strengthen the body's immune and defense systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a period of swimming endurance training with trachyspermum copticum (Ajwain) consumption on serum levels of some inflammatory factors in young men in a randomized clinical trial. The statistical population included all male students less than 25 years of age at the Islamic Azad University of Varamin Phishva, Iran. Among them, sample sizes of 60 people were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into four groups of 15 people each: trachyspermum copticum + training, trachyspermum copticum, training, and control. The training program included endurance swimming for 10 weeks either with or without the addition of trachyspermum copticum. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were measured in two-time stages before and after the study period. The level of CRP inflammatory index, TNF-α cytokine, and HSP70 were lower among the training + trachyspermum copticum than in the control group and other experimental groups. Endurance swimming training and trachyspermum copticum with anti-inflammatory properties strengthened the immune system, increased antioxidant defense, and decreased inflammatory markers. Also, the level of physical activity has improved this condition by improving endothelial function.

What is already known on this subject?

The use of trachyspermum copticum and the training method to strengthen the immune system have already been studied alone and other factors and cells of the immune system were examined. Of course, most research has had animal specimens.

 

What this study adds?

In this research, trachyspermum copticum and swimming exercises have been used simultaneously. . Another point is that an acute phase protein, a heat shock protein and an inflammatory cytokine were examined as research variables.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ambrósio, G., Kaufmann, F.N., Manosso, L.N., Ghisleni, G., Rodrigues, A.L.S., Rieger, D.K., Kaster, M.P. (2018). Depression and peripheral inflammatory profile of patients with obesity. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 91, 132-141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.005
Alavinezhad, A., Boskabady, M. H. (2014). Antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunological effects of Carum copticum L. and some of its constituents. Phytotherapy Research, 28(12), 1739-1748. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5200
Asgari, R., Ravasi, A.A., Gaeini, A.A., Hedayati, M., Hamedinia, M. (2015). The effect of combined and endurance training on some adipokines, growth hormone and lipid profile in overweight females. Sport Biosciences, 6(4), 399-413. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2015.53211
Avenatti, R.C., McKeever, K.H., Horohov, D.W., Malinowsk, K. (2018). Effects of age and exercise on inflammatory cytokines, HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression and protein content in Standardbred horse’s. Comparative Exercise Physiology, 14(1), 27-46. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP170020
Banitalebi, E., Shahrekordi, Z. M., Kazemi, A.R., Bagheri, L., Shalamzari, S.A., Faramarzi, M. (2016). Comparing the effects of eight weeks of combined training (Endurance and Resistance) in different orders on inflammatory factors and adipokines among elderly females. Women's Health Bulletin, 3(2), e30990. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.17795/whb-30990
Beavers, K. M., Ambrosius, W. T., Nicklas, B. J., Rejeski, W. J. (2013). Independent and combined effects of physical activity and weight loss on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(7),1089-1094. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12321
Burt, S. (2018). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), 223-253. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022
Chahal, K.K., Dhaiwal, K., Kumar, A., Kataria, D., Singla, N. (2017). Chemical composition of Trachyspermum ammi L. and its biological properties: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 20, 6(3), 131-140. URL: https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2017/vol6issue3/PartB/6-2-14-456.pdf
Church, T. S., Barlow, C. E., Earnest, C. P., Kampert, J. B., Priest, E. L., Blair, S. N. (2020). Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in men. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 22(11), 1869-1876. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.0000036611.77940.f8
Cumming, K.T., Kvamme, N.H., Schaad, L., Ugelstad, I., Raastad, T. (2021). Muscular HSP70 content is higher in elderly compared to young, but is normalized after 12 weeks of strength training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 121(6), 1689-1699. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04633-4
Dabidy Roshan, V., Jolazadeh, T. (2009). The effect of the number of sessions of continuous and periodic aerobic exercise per week on some indicators of heart health in postmenopausal rats. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 19(74), 44-53.
De Moraes, A. A., de Almeida, C. A. S., Lucas, G., DeMaman, J. A. (2018). Effect of swimming training on nerve morphological recovery after compressive injury. Neurological Research, 40(11), 955-62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2018.1504180
Firoozi, D.,Nekooeian, A.A., Tanideh, N., Mazloom, Z., Mokhtari, M., Mohammadi Sartang, M. (2019). The Healing Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Carum Copticum L. on Experimental Colitis in Rats. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 44(60):501-510. doi: https://doi.org/10.30476%2Fijms.2019.44961
Gray, S. R., Baker, G., Wright, A., Fitzsimons, C. F., Mutrie, N., Nimmo, M. A., Scottish Physical Activity Research Collaboration (2009). The effect of a 12 week walking intervention on markers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 39-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.10.013
Haghiroalsadat, B. F., Vahidi, A. R., Azimzadeh, M., Kalantar, S. M., Bernard, F., Hokmoll ahi, F. (2012). Chemical Assessment of Active Ingredients and Anti-oxidant Effects of Trachys permum Copticum's Seeds harvested In Yazd Province. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 11(3), 197-206. URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5317-en.html
Moghadam, B., ShabKhiz, F. (2018). The combined effect of rope training and cumin supplementation on anthropometric, body composition, metabolic, antioxidant and inflammatory parameters in overweight men: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 61(2), 900-910. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2018.11558
Jiang, L., Shen, X., Dun, Y., Xie, M., Fu, S., Zhang, W., Qiu, L., Ripley-Gonzalez, J.W., Liu, S. (2021). Exercise combined with trimetazidine improves anti-fatal stress capacity through enhancing autophagy and heat shock protein 70 of myocardium in mice. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(7), 1680-1686. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.53899
Karami, S., Kashef, M., Mehri Alvar, Y. (2015). Protective Effect of Glutamine by the Expression of HSP70 and Reduction of Cortisol on Exercise Induced Stress. Arak Medical University Journal, 17(10), 65-73. URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-3075-en.html
Kashef, M., Barati, A. H., Shahidi, F., Khalili, K. (2012). The effect of a periodic and continuous aerobic training course on the inflammatory index predicting HS-CRP cardiovascular disease and its relationship with body fat percentage of non-athlete boys. Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, 1(2), 19-26.
Kazemi, A., Faryabi, M., Rahmati, M., Taherabadi, S. J. (2019). The effect of eight weeks of intense intermittent exercise on body weight and serum levels of TNF-α, insulin and lipid profile in overweight children. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 22(139), 1-7. URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4156-en.html
Krüger, K., Reichel, T., Zeilinger, C. (2019). Role of heat shock proteins 70/90 in exercise physiology and exercise immunology and their diagnostic potential. Journal of Applied Physiology, 126(4), 916-927. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01052.2018
Moein, A., Zarghami Khameneh, A. (2018). The effect of silymarin supplementation on the serum levels of   interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein   following   a   single   bout   of   aerobic exercise in healthy men. Scientific-Research Journal of Shahed University, 26(1), 39-50. URL: http://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1825.html?lang=en
Mohammadshahi, M., Zakerkish, M., Saki, A. (2016). Effects of Sesame on the Glycemic Index, Lipid Profile, and Serum Malondialdehyde Level of Patients with Type II Diabetes. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 18(6), 7-14. URL: http://jbums.org/article-1-5610-en.html
Paulsen, G., Vissing, K., Kalhovde, J.M., gelstad, I.U., Bayer, M.L., Kadi, F. (2007). Maximal eccentric exercise induces a rapid accumulation of small heat shock proteins on myofibrils and a delayed HSP70 response in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 293, R844-R853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00677.2006
Safarzade, A.R., Gharakhanlou, R., Hedayati, M., Talebi-Garakani, E. Medical Sciences, 11(3), 197-206. URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5317-en.html
Moghadam, B., ShabKhiz, F. (2018). The combined effect of rope training and cumin supplementation on anthropometric, body composition, metabolic, antioxidant and inflammatory parameters in overweight men: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 61(2), 900-910. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2018.11558
Jiang, L., Shen, X., Dun, Y., Xie, M., Fu, S., Zhang, W., Qiu, L., Ripley-Gonzalez, J.W., Liu, S. (2021). Exercise combined with trimetazidine improves anti-fatal stress capacity through enhancing autophagy and heat shock protein 70 of myocardium in mice. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(7), 1680-1686. Doi: https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.53899
Karami, S., Kashef, M., Mehri Alvar, Y. (2015). Protective Effect of Glutamine by the Expression of HSP70 and Reduction of Cortisol on Exercise Induced Stress. Arak Medical University Journal, 17(10), 65-73. URL: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-3075-en.html
Kashef, M., Barati, A. H., Shahidi, F., Khalili, K. (2012). The effect of a periodic and continuous aerobic training course on the inflammatory index predicting HS-CRP cardiovascular disease and its relationship with body fat percentage of non-athlete boys. Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, 1(2), 19-26.
Kazemi, A., Faryabi, M., Rahmati, M., Taherabadi, S. J. (2019). The effect of eight weeks of intense intermittent exercise on body weight and serum levels of TNF-α, insulin and lipid profile in overweight children. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 22(139), 1-7. URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-4156-en.html
Krüger, K., Reichel, T., Zeilinger, C. (2019). Role of heat shock proteins 70/90 in exercise physiology and exercise immunology and their diagnostic potential. Journal of Applied Physiology, 126(4), 916-927. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01052.2018
Moein, A., Zarghami Khameneh, A. (2018). The effect of silymarin supplementation on the serum levels of   interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein   following   a   single   bout   of   aerobic exercise in healthy men. Scientific-Research Journal of Shahed University, 26(1), 39-50. URL: http://daneshvarmed.shahed.ac.ir/article_1825.html?lang=en
Mohammadshahi, M., Zakerkish, M., Saki, A. (2016). Effects of Sesame on the Glycemic Index, Lipid Profile, and Serum Malondialdehyde Level of Patients with Type II Diabetes. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 18(6), 7-14. URL: http://jbums.org/article-1-5610-en.html
Paulsen, G., Vissing, K., Kalhovde, J.M., gelstad, I.U., Bayer, M.L., Kadi, F. (2007). Maximal eccentric exercise induces a rapid accumulation of small heat shock proteins on myofibrils and a delayed HSP70 response in humans. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 293, R844-R853. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00677.2006
Safarzade, A.R., Gharakhanlou, R., Hedayati, M., Talebi-Garakani, E. (2012). The Effect of 4 Weeks Resistance Training on Serum Vaspin, Il-6, CRP and TNF-Α Concentrations in Diabetic Rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(1), 68-74. URL: http://ijem.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-1244-en.html
Shafiezadeh, R., Alavian, S.M., Namdar, H., Gholami-Fesharaki, M., Esmaeili, S.S. (2020). Evaluating the Efficacy of Carum Copticum Seeds on the Treatment of Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Multi-Center Randomized, Triple–Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Study. Hepatitis Monthly, 20(12), e110488. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.110488
Szyller, J., Bil-Lula, I. (2021). Heat Shock Proteins in Oxidative Stress and Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury and Benefits from Physical Exercises: A Review to the Current Knowledge. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 31, 6678457. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6678457
Xu, D. Zalmas, L.P., La Thangu, N.B. (2008). A transcription cofactor required for the heat-shock response. European Molecular Biology Organization, 9(7), 662–669. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2008.70
 
Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk
Volume 2, Issue 2
June 2022
Pages 71-78

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 May 2022
  • Revise Date: 14 June 2022
  • Accept Date: 23 June 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics