Vesnu Publications (Farzanegan Radandish) Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk 2783-2074 6 1 2026 03 30 The effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and NBS superfood supplementation on IL-1β and SOD in elderly men with diabetes 33 39 241704 10.22122/jeoct.2026.569282.1185 EN Bahram Fatahi Department of Exercise Physiology, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. 0000-0002-8283-8506 Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavar Department of Exercise Physiology, Ker.C., Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah,Iran. 0000-0002-8589-1337 Mehdi Bagzadeh Department of Exercise Physiology, Eslamabad- E- Gharb branch, Islamic Azad University, Eslamabad -E-Gharb, Iran. 0000-0002-4570-6192 Journal Article 2025 12 28 Type 2 diabetes in older adults is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, with elevated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity playing central roles in disease progression.  This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and NBS superfood supplementation on serum IL-1β and SOD levels in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Forty older men (aged 60–75 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated using stratified block randomization to four groups (n=10 each): control, exercise-only (TR), supplement-only (SUP), and exercise + supplement (TR+SUP). The exercise groups performed supervised cycling at 60–70% Wmax, 30 min/session, 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks. The supplementation groups received 10 g/day NBS superfood. Fasting serum IL-1β and SOD were measured before and 48 hours after the intervention using ELISA. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant time × group interactions for both IL-1β (p<0.001, η²p=0.372) and SOD (p<0.001, η²p=0.892). Post-hoc tests showed the greatest reductions in IL-1β and largest increases in SOD occurred in the TR+SUP group compared to all other groups (p<0.001), indicating a synergistic effect. Eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise combined with NBS superfood supplementation exerts potent synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in older men with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. https://www.jeoct.com/article_241704_0d0b161f405d1e6666cbdfd7921e1505.pdf