Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of resistance training TRX and traditional resistance on the response of some indicators of muscle damage in soccer players. The present study was a semi-experimental; therefore, 36 participants with mean age of 19/36±1/4 were voluntarily selected and assigned to two groups of TRX and traditional resistance training. The training program for both groups consisted of several joint movements, these movements in 2 sets, with 8 repetitions in to isometric form, and the duration of muscle tension in each movement was 20 seconds. Both groups were evaluated by biochemical, physical and anthropometric measurements in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was done using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test with the significant level of 0.05 (p≤0.05). Serum creatine kinase levels showed a significant increase in traditional resistance training group 54.01% (p=0.001) and in the TRX training group 58.19% (p=0.003). Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels increased significantly as the result of traditional resistance training (p=0.033) while Aspartate aminotransferase did not show any significant changes from pre-test to post-test in the experimental groups. Moreover, the results of the present study showed that there was no significant difference in the changes observed in the indices of muscle damage between a traditional training and TRX training. Therefore, performing TRX or traditional training is not improving muscle injury during training.

Abstract It has been proven that strenuous endurance training increases oxidative stress in body. This study investigated the effects of curcumin supplementation and light resistance training during 8 weeks of endurance training on muscle and serum antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation of male wistar rats. 44 male Wistar rats (weight: 254.31±17.72 g and age: 8 weeks) were randomly divided to 6 groups; Control (n=6, sham), Curcumin (n=6), Endurance (n=8), Endurance-curcumin (n=8), Endurance-Resistance (n=8), and Endurance-curcumin-resistance (n=8). Endurance training performed on rodent treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 sessions a week. The speed and duration of running were 10 m/min and 30 min at first week. The intensity and duration reached to the 35 m/min and 70 min up to the last week. Resistance training (8 weeks, 2 sessions / week) performed on vertical ladder (with 30-70% BW). The animals received curcumin supplement by sub peritoneal injection (8 weeks, 3 sessions / week, 30 mg/kg.Bw). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was measured by Elisa kit and Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS).  The results of this study showed that strenuous endurance training (p<0.05) reduces the serum levels of SOD significantly, and caused a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation (MDA in muscle and serum). Curcumin supplementation and light resistance training could increase antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD) and decrease the MDA levels. The prolonged strenuous endurance training can induce oxidative stress and curcumin supplementation along with light resistance training could restore antioxidant enzymes activity and decrease the MDA levels.

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of primary swimming on the hormonal anabolic-catabolic balance and serum leptin in obese children and adolescents. Sixty obese subjects (children and adolescents) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) Primary swimming training (children); 2) control (children); 3) Primary swimming training (adolescents); and 4) control (adolescents) groups. Our experimental subjects performed a primary swimming training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes per session. Before and after training period, blood samples, anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken in fasting state from all subjects. The findings showed that the primary swimming training prevents significant increase of serum leptin and insulin hormone in adolescents. Furthermore, primary swimming training caused a significant decrease in body fat percent, body fat mass and body mass index, a significant increase of VO_2max in children and adolescents, a significant decrease in cortisol hormone as well as a significant increase in fat free mass in adolescents (p<0.05). There was a positive and significant correlation between levels of leptin changes and body fat percent and fat mass after primary swimming training (p<0.05). In addition, there was a negative and significant correlation between levels of leptin hormone changes and fat free mass after primary swimming training (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that eight weeks of primary swimming training improves serum leptin and some of the anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters.