Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of combined mobile-based digital education ("DiabetiFit Pro") and aerobic-resistance exercise on treatment adherence, glycemic control, and tissue markers (lipotoxicity, sarcopenia, and necrosis) among underserved type 2 diabetes patients. In this 12-week RCT, 250 patients (mean age 54.3±10.7 years; HbA1c 9.2%) from underserved Iranian regions were randomized to intervention (n=125; 3 weekly sessions: 10-min app-based education +35-50 min ACSM-guided exercise) or control (n=125; usual care). Primary outcomes were HbA1c and MMAS-8 adherence scores. Secondary outcomes included glycemic variability and tissue biomarkers. Analysis used ITT with ANCOVA, regression, and χ² (α=0.05). Intervention produced superior HbA1c reduction (-1.70% vs -0.70% control; between-group diff: -1.00%, η²=0.18, p<.001) and adherence gains (+1.30 vs +0.40 points; η²=0.16, p<.001). High adherence increased from 23.2% to 48.8% (χ²=22.45, p<.001). Dose-response: modules completed explained 11.5% HbA1c variance (β=-0.34); app hours predicted 16.8% adherence variance (β=0.41). Favorable lipotoxicity/ sarcopenia improvements observed. Combined digital education-exercise interventions significantly enhance adherence, glycemic control, and tissue health in underserved T2DM populations, demonstrating dose-response efficacy and clinical meaningfulness per ADA standards. Health systems should scale such integrated mHealth platforms.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of different methods of resistance training on diabetes in men with type 2 diabetes. This is a semi-experimental and practical study. Forty-four subjects with type 2 diabetes, randomly divided to 4 groups. The three experimental groups of 11, 11, and 12 people and a control group of 10 people, were performed the pre-test and post-test of after 12 weeks of training intervention under high intensity, moderate intensity and low intensity programs. The research variables were glucose, insulin, adiponectin, insulin resistance and glycated hemoglobin. ELISA kit was used to test adiponectin. For analyzing the data, one-way ANOVA statistical test of gain scores and LSD post hoc test was used. All tree Exercise protocols had a positive effect and caused a significant decrease in glucose (P>0.001), insulin (P>0.001), insulin resistance (P>0.001), adiponectin (P>0.001) and serum HbA1C (P>0.001), which had a significant difference with the control group (P>0.05). But there was no difference between the three training groups. Calculating the effect size on the serum factors of diabetes showed that the low intensity had the greatest effect on insulin (ES = 1.11), insulin resistance (ES = 1.39) and HbA1C (ES = 2.05), while glucose (ES = 1.09) and adiponectin (ES = 0.38) were affected more by high intensity. According to the effect sizes, it is recommended to clinician to prescribe high intensity programs to reduce glucose and low intensity programs to improve insulin, insulin resistance and serum HbA1C in type 2 diabetic male patients.