Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a multi-strain probiotic mixture, on the intestinal expression of FXR and PPAR-γ in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=8): Healthy Control (HC), Diabetic Control (DC), Diabetic+HIIT (DH), Diabetic+Probiotic (DP), and Diabetic+HIIT+Probiotic (DHP). T2DM was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (95 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg). The HIIT protocol was performed on a rodent treadmill for 8 weeks (5 sessions/week). The probiotic mixture (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri; 1×10¹⁰ CFU/mL each) was administered daily via oral gavage. Diabetes induction significantly downregulated the intestinal expression of both FXR and PPAR-γ compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). HIIT and probiotic interventions, individually, significantly increased the expression of both nuclear receptors compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.001). Notably, the combined HIIT and probiotic intervention (DHP) produced the highest expression levels of FXR and PPAR-γ, which were significantly greater than either intervention alone (p<0.01) and restored FXR expression to levels comparable to healthy controls. Both HIIT and multi-strain probiotic supplementation effectively upregulate the intestinal expression of FXR and PPAR-γ in diabetic rats, with the combination exerting a synergistic effect. These findings identify a novel mechanism by which lifestyle interventions may restore intestinal metabolic function and inter-organ communication in T2DM, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut through combined exercise and probiotic strategies.

Abstract We investigate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic training and probiotic supplementation on glycemic index and the correlation between glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and interleukin 15 (IL-15) in rats fed a high-fat diet. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (8 each): healthy control, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+ aerobic exercise (Tr), HFD+ probiotic supplement (Sup) and HFD+Tr+Sup. Rats in the HFD group received a special high-fat diet for 2 months before the main protocol. The rats in the training groups ran on a rodent treadmill for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Lactobacillus bifidus supplement was gavage to the rats of the supplemented groups in the amount of 10⁹ CFU/ml after each round of training. The results of the statistical test showed that the HFD groups had a significant decrease in GPX compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). However, only the HFD+Tr+Sup group showed a significant increase in GPX compared to the HFD and HFD+Tr groups (p<0.05). In contrast, HFD+Sup showed a significant increase in IL-15 gene expression compared to the healthy control group. Compared to the HFD group, the HFD+Tr and HFD+Tr+Sup groups showed a decrease and the HFD+Sup group showed a significant increase in IL-15 gene expression (p<0.05). The correlation between GPX and IL-15 was not confirmed (p<0.05). It seems that exercise training and lactobacillus supplementation are effective in regulating glucose, GPX and IL-15 indices after HFD. However, more studies should be done for the relationship and cross talk between antioxidant indices and IL-15.

Abstract Steatosis is the most important cause for chronic liver disease, from simple steatosis to advanced stages such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and liver cancer. In this study, the effect of MICT and probiotic consumption on IL15 gene expression in animal model of non-alcoholic steatosis was examined. This study is an experimental laboratory study. Thirty-two male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 in the healthy (normal diet), steatosis, steatosis + probiotic, steatosis + probiotic +MICT groups and tested for 8 weeks. The exercise protocol was as follows: in the first week from 10 minutes of running at a speed of 18 meters per minute to the eighth week with 60 minutes of running at a speed of 28 meters per minute. Consumption of probiotics; Relevant groups received 109 CFU / ml of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by gavage daily for 5 weeks and 5 days a week. Statistical calculation of this study was performed using SPSS 25 software. Probiotic consumption and moderate-intensity continuous training significantly increased IL-15 (p =0.000) and significantly decreased TG (p =0.000) in the non-alcoholic steatosis animal model. It seems moderate-intensity continuous training with probiotic consumption can improve the liver function of non-alcoholic fatty liver patients.