Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different resistance training protocols on TNF-α and adiponectin in young overweight men. Sixty healthy overweight men (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², age 20–30 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Experimental Group 1 (EG1), Experimental Group 2 (EG2), and Control Group (CG). EG1 performed the DeLorme-Watkins protocol, consisting of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 50%, 75%, and 100% of 10RM, while EG2 performed HIPT, consisting of 3 sets (set 1: 6 repetitions at 70% of 1RM; set 2: 4 repetitions at 80% of 1RM; set 3: 2 repetitions at 90% of 1RM). Training lasted 8 weeks. TNF-α and adiponectin levels were measured pre- and post-intervention. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests and paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze inter- and intra-group differences (α≤0.05). TNF-α significantly decreased in EG1 (P = 0.04), while adiponectin levels significantly increased in both EG1 (P = 0.02) and EG2 (P = 0.03) at post-test compared to pre-test. Additionally, TNF-α levels were significantly lower in EG1 than in CG at post-test (P = 0.01). Both resistance training protocols exerted beneficial effects on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers, potentially contributing to cardiovascular disease prevention. However, the DeLorme-Watkins protocol resulted in a significantly greater reduction in TNF-α levels compared to HIPT, whereas no significant between-group difference was observed for adiponectin.

Abstract Aerobic exercise has been proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention to modulate inflammatory gene expression, yet the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on the mRNA expression levels of inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of overweight individuals. Forty-five overweight adults (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group (n=30) or a sedentary control group (n=15). The exercise protocol consisted of supervised moderate-intensity aerobic training (60-75% HRmax) for 45-60 minutes, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected pre- and post- intervention for gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR and protein quantification via ELISA. Following the 12-week intervention, the exercise group demonstrated significant reductions in TNF-α mRNA expression (−52.3%, p<0.001) and IL-6 expression (−47.8%, p<0.001) compared to baseline. Conversely, IL-10 expression increased significantly (+68.4%, p<0.001). Plasma protein concentrations paralleled these changes, with TNF-α decreasing from 8.6±2.1 to 4.9±1.3 pg/mL (p<0.001), IL-6 from 5.8±1.7 to 3.2±0.9 pg/mL (p<0.001), and IL-10 increasing from 3.1±0.8 to 5.6±1.2 pg/mL (p<0.001). Body mass index decreased significantly in the exercise group (−2.3 kg/m², p<0.001) with concurrent improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO₂max increased by 18.7%, p<0.001). Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise effectively modulates the inflammatory gene expression profile in overweight individuals by downregulating pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-6) and upregulating the anti- inflammatory gene (IL-10). These molecular adaptations may contribute to reduced inflammation and improved metabolic health in this population.

Abstract This study investigated the effects of resistance training and pineapple extract consumption on intratumoral NF-κB and LIN28B gene expression and serum TNF-α levels in a murine C57 melanoma model. Twenty C57BL/6 mice were allocated into four groups (n=5/group): melanoma tumor control (MT), MT with resistance training (MT+RT), MT with pineapple extract (MT+PJ), and MT with combined intervention (MT+RT+PJ). The RT protocol and PJ administration (300 mg/kg/day via gavage) were conducted for six weeks’ post-tumor induction. Serum TNF-α was quantified by ELISA, and tumor gene expression of NF-κB and LIN28B was analyzed via RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. All three intervention groups exhibited a significant downregulation of NF-κB and LIN28B gene expression in tumor tissue compared to the MT control group (p<0.05). Conversely, serum TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in the intervention groups relative to the control (p<0.05). Resistance training and pineapple extract consumption, both individually and in combination, significantly modulated pro-tumorigenic pathways by suppressing intratumoral NF-κB and LIN28B expression, despite an observed increase in systemic TNF-α.