Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract NAFLD is one of the chronic liver diseases closely related to metabolic disorders. Borage and physical activity improves oxidative indices. Also, Beclin-1 is a key gene in the autophagy process, and Parkin acts as a protective mechanism against liver damage. So, this study aims to investigate the effect of aerobic training and borage extract on the expression of Beclin-1 and Parkin genes in the liver cells in NAFLD. In this experimental study,40male Wistar rats weighing were divided into 4groups. (control, supplement, training), and training+supplement. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software. Training and borage extract had no significant effect on Beclin-1 expression (P=0.267), with fold changes of 1.05±0.07 for training, 1.07±0.06 for borage extract, and 1.12±0.08 for training+borage extract, compared to the control. However, Parkin expression increased significantly (P=0.006), with fold changes of 1.15±0.08 for Training, 1.18±0.09 for borage extract, and 1.20±0.10 for training+borage extract. Post hoc confirmed a significant increase in Parkin expression in the training+borage extract group compared to the control (P=0.035). This study showed that it is possible that the consumption of borage extract and aerobic training together and alone have an increasing the expression of Parkin. So, both borage extract and aerobic training have individual benefits for improving liver health by targeting Beclin-1 and PARKIN pathways, and their combination could provide a more robust approach to managing NAFLD by promoting effective autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function. This dual intervention could reduce liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, ultimately improving metabolic outcomes in individuals suffering from NAFLD.

Abstract Training is one of the most effective therapy options for improving the control of type 2 diabetes. FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor) has been identified as a novel metabolic regulating factor with substantial anti-diabetic effects in animal models and humans. The goal of this study was to investigate how four weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise affected fasting blood glucose (FBS) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in the cardiac tissue of male Wistar rats with diabetes. In this study, 24 male Wistar rats aged 10 to 12 weeks and weighing 200250 grams were made diabetic with STZ and separated into three groups: diabetes + aerobic exercise (n=6), diabetes + resistance training (n=6), and sham (n=6) and healthy (n=6) were divided. The training lasted four weeks, with the aerobic group working out five days per week and the resistance group working out six days per week. Blood samples and cardiac tissue were collected for analysis before and after 48 hours of the previous exercise and 12 hours of fasting. To conduct statistical analysis, the SPSS version 26 program was employed. We saw an increase in FGF21 in the training groups compared to the sham group, which was significant in the resistance training group (p=0.008) and also in the healthy group (p=0.02). The results showed that resistance trainings can have a bigger influence on sugar indicators and anti-diabetic cardiac factors like FGF21, and will play an effective role in minimizing the consequences of diabetes.

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is found in the membrane of skeletal muscle cells. A variety of factors can activate TLR4. It has been shown that TLR4 expression reduce after aerobic training, but more studies considering the influences of different types of training on TLR4 expression are necessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of 8 weeks of aerobic training on muscle TLR4 Expression in rats. Twenty Male Wistar rats (200±20 g) divided into four groups: control, training, high fat diet (HFD) and HFD+exerise. High fat diet was made by adding 10% animal oil, 2% cholesterol and 0.5% colic acid to standard rodent chow. Training group performed a swimming training protocol (1 h/day, and 5 days/week for 8 weeks). Forty eight hours after the final session of training, the rats were sacrificed and their gastrocnemius muscle was removed for determination of TLR4 expression. Training significantly decreased TLR4 messenger RNA and protein expression (p<0.05). Levels of TLR4 expression in the HFD group was significantly (p<0.05) higher tahn control ones. Our result displayed that training in rats induceed a critical suppression in the TLR4 signaling in muscle. These data give noticeable progress in our knowledge of the events that link physical training to an improvement in inflammation.