Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of two different resistance training protocols on TNF-α and adiponectin in young overweight men. Sixty healthy overweight men (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², age 20–30 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: Experimental Group 1 (EG1), Experimental Group 2 (EG2), and Control Group (CG). EG1 performed the DeLorme-Watkins protocol, consisting of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 50%, 75%, and 100% of 10RM, while EG2 performed HIPT, consisting of 3 sets (set 1: 6 repetitions at 70% of 1RM; set 2: 4 repetitions at 80% of 1RM; set 3: 2 repetitions at 90% of 1RM). Training lasted 8 weeks. TNF-α and adiponectin levels were measured pre- and post-intervention. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests and paired-samples t-tests were used to analyze inter- and intra-group differences (α≤0.05). TNF-α significantly decreased in EG1 (P = 0.04), while adiponectin levels significantly increased in both EG1 (P = 0.02) and EG2 (P = 0.03) at post-test compared to pre-test. Additionally, TNF-α levels were significantly lower in EG1 than in CG at post-test (P = 0.01). Both resistance training protocols exerted beneficial effects on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers, potentially contributing to cardiovascular disease prevention. However, the DeLorme-Watkins protocol resulted in a significantly greater reduction in TNF-α levels compared to HIPT, whereas no significant between-group difference was observed for adiponectin.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of different methods of resistance training on diabetes in men with type 2 diabetes. This is a semi-experimental and practical study. Forty-four subjects with type 2 diabetes, randomly divided to 4 groups. The three experimental groups of 11, 11, and 12 people and a control group of 10 people, were performed the pre-test and post-test of after 12 weeks of training intervention under high intensity, moderate intensity and low intensity programs. The research variables were glucose, insulin, adiponectin, insulin resistance and glycated hemoglobin. ELISA kit was used to test adiponectin. For analyzing the data, one-way ANOVA statistical test of gain scores and LSD post hoc test was used. All tree Exercise protocols had a positive effect and caused a significant decrease in glucose (P>0.001), insulin (P>0.001), insulin resistance (P>0.001), adiponectin (P>0.001) and serum HbA1C (P>0.001), which had a significant difference with the control group (P>0.05). But there was no difference between the three training groups. Calculating the effect size on the serum factors of diabetes showed that the low intensity had the greatest effect on insulin (ES = 1.11), insulin resistance (ES = 1.39) and HbA1C (ES = 2.05), while glucose (ES = 1.09) and adiponectin (ES = 0.38) were affected more by high intensity. According to the effect sizes, it is recommended to clinician to prescribe high intensity programs to reduce glucose and low intensity programs to improve insulin, insulin resistance and serum HbA1C in type 2 diabetic male patients.