Skeletal muscle stretching as a mechanotransductive trigger for myokine release: A narrative review
Volume 5, Issue 1, Winter 2025, Pages 40-45
https://doi.org/10.22122/jeoct.2025.532507.1161
Hossein Shirvani, Maryam Naghibzadeh, Seyed Ebrahim Hashemi
Abstract Skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ by releasing myokines—cytokines and peptides that mediate systemic physiological adaptations. This review synthesizes evidence establishing mechanical stretching (active/passive) as a potent mechanotransductive stimulus for myokine secretion. Key pathways include integrin-mediated signaling, stretch-activated ion channels (Piezo/TRP), and mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators (YAP/TAZ), which activate MAPK, calcium-dependent kinases, and other cascades to modulate myokine gene expression. We highlight stretch-responsive myokines (IL-6, irisin, myostatin, BDNF, SPARC) and their roles in metabolism, tissue repair, and inflammation. Clinical implications for aging, metabolic disease, and rehabilitation are discussed, emphasizing how targeted stretching protocols may harness myokine-mediated benefits in mobility-limited populations. Future research directions include optimizing stretch "dosing" and elucidating tissue-specific myokine actions.