Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract Type 2 diabetes in older adults is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, with elevated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity playing central roles in disease progression.  This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and NBS superfood supplementation on serum IL-1β and SOD levels in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Forty older men (aged 60–75 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated using stratified block randomization to four groups (n=10 each): control, exercise-only (TR), supplement-only (SUP), and exercise + supplement (TR+SUP). The exercise groups performed supervised cycling at 60–70% Wmax, 30 min/session, 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks. The supplementation groups received 10 g/day NBS superfood. Fasting serum IL-1β and SOD were measured before and 48 hours after the intervention using ELISA. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant time × group interactions for both IL-1β (p<0.001, η²p=0.372) and SOD (p<0.001, η²p=0.892). Post-hoc tests showed the greatest reductions in IL-1β and largest increases in SOD occurred in the TR+SUP group compared to all other groups (p<0.001), indicating a synergistic effect. Eight weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise combined with NBS superfood supplementation exerts potent synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in older men with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endurance, resistance, and Concurrent endurance and resistance training on fat oxidation and fatigue levels in obese diabetic rats. A total of forty overweight rats (average weight of 380 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned to five distinct groups. Diabetes was induced through peritoneal administration of Streptozotocin at a dosage of 55 mg/kg body weight. Endurance training was conducted via moderate-intensity treadmill running (50%-70% of maximum running capacity) for a duration of eight weeks, with sessions lasting one hour per day, five days a week. Resistance training involved ladder climbing at 50-70% of maximum load, also for eight weeks, with five sessions per week, comprising 15 climbs per session and a one-minute rest interval between climbs. The Concurrent training regimen alternated between treadmill and ladder exercises. Levels of CPT1 and CPT2 were quantified using rat CPT1 and CPT2 ELISA kits, both prior to and 48 hours following the training period. Fatigue indices were assessed as well. All three training modalities significantly influenced CPT1 levels (F=93.35, P=0.001) and led to a notable increase in CPT2 levels (F=26.76, P=0.001). Additionally, significant alterations in fatigue indices were observed (F=26.12, P=0.001). The findings suggest that aerobic, resistance, and Concurrent training regimens can enhance metabolic function and prolong the duration until fatigue in elderly diabetic rats. Nonetheless, the extent of these improvements is somewhat contingent upon the specific type of exercise performed, with aerobic and Concurrent training demonstrating a more pronounced effect compared to resistance training.