Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract Exercise and the use of anti-inflammatory supplements are effective in controlling inflammation and tissue damage in diabetes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of interval training and royal jelly on the expression of renal inflammatory genes and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were used in this study. Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet for 20 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared STZ solution in saline (25 mg/kg). Then the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Diabetes (DI), DI+ HIIT, DI+ royal jelly (RJ), and DI+ HIIT+ RJ. Royal jelly groups were given royal jelly at a dose of 100 mg/kg diluted in distilled water and gavage 5 days a week. The exercise program consisted of eight weeks of HIIT training, five sessions per week with a gradual increase in intensity intervals from 22 to 38 meters per minute (80 to 90% of Vo2max) and rest intervals at a speed of 16 to 22 meters per minute (50 to 56% of Vo2max). At the end of the research, rats were euthanized and kidney tissue was removed to measure the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB genes. The DI+HIIT (p=0.0006), DI+RJ (p=0.0011) and DI+HIIT+RJ (p<0.0001) groups showed a significant decrease in HOMA-IR compared to the diabetes control group. The DI+HIIT, DI+RJ and DI+HIIT+RJ groups showed a significant decrease in TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression in kidney tissue compared to the diabetes control group. In conclusion, 8 weeks of HIIT and/or royal jelly supplementation significantly ameliorated insulin resistance and suppressed renal pro-inflammatory gene expression (TNF-α, NF-κB) in diabetic rats, with the combined approach showing the greatest efficacy.

Abstract Resistance exercises and nutritional strategy are the best ways to prevent with age- related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) by improving the physiological function of skeletal muscle. This study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of Water resistance training with consumption of dark chocolate on the changes and correlation of IGF-1 and FOXO3 in elderly women. In this study, 40 sedentary elderly women with an age range of 60-73 years were randomly divided into four groups: 1. water resistance training, 2. water resistance training + dark chocolate, 3. dark chocolate, 4. control. The subjects of the training groups did water resistance training for eight weeks. During these 8 weeks, the dark chocolate groups consumed 30 grams of 83% dark chocolate every day, and the control group received neither exercise nor Dark chocolate. Blood sampling was done 48 hours before the study and after the end of the last training session. Expressions of IGF-1 and FOXO3 were measured by real time-PCR method. After 8 weeks of water resistance training and consumption of dark chocolate, the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene increased significantly compared to the pretest (p<0.05). However, FOXO3 did not change significantly (p>0.05). These findings underscore the potential of targeted exercise and dietary interventions in enhancing muscle health among the elderly, although further research is needed to understand the implications of unchanged FOXO3 in this context.