Journal of Exercise & Organ Cross Talk

Abstract This study examined the acute hormonal and myokine responses to traditional and circuit resistance training in young males with distinct BMI-based groups. Twenty sedentary men aged 20–30 years were classified as high-BMI (BMI >29.9) or low-BMI (BMI <18.5). Each participant completed both traditional resistance training (TRT) and circuit resistance training (CRT) protocols in a crossover design, with a one-week washout period. Sessions included multi-joint upper and lower body exercises at comparable intensities. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after each session. Serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, myostatin, and follistatin were assessed using ELISA kits. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare within- and between-group changes across time and training modality. Baseline cortisol levels were significantly higher in low-BMI individuals (P=0.037), while testosterone levels showed no initial difference between groups (P>0.05). Post-TRT, testosterone levels increased significantly in high-BMI individuals compared to low-BMI individuals (P=0.017), with both training types elevating testosterone and cortisol across all participants (P<0.05). CRT led to a significant reduction in myostatin and increase in follistatin in high-BMI individuals (P<0.05), while only follistatin increased significantly in low-BMI individuals after TRT (P<0.05). These results suggest that CRT promotes superior anabolic signaling in high-BMI individuals, while TRT is more effective at enhancing testosterone response. Myokine and hormonal responses appear to be body-type-dependent and training-modality-specific. Practitioners designing hypertrophy-focused programs should tailor training protocols to the athlete’s BMI-based group to optimize muscle adaptation and endocrine outcomes. And also, trainers should individualize hypertrophy programs based on body composition to optimize both hormonal responses and muscle adaptation.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training on the amounts of metabolic proteins like Sarcolipine, PGC1α and FNDC5 in SOL and EDL muscles of male Wistar rats. In the present study, 14 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental (n = 7) and control (n = 7) groups. The training group performed high-intensity interval training for 4 weeks and 5 sessions per week, including high-intensity (90% vVO2max) and low-intensity (45% vVO2max) two-minute intervals. Finally, the SOL and EDL muscles of the research groups were extracted, and also independent statistical t-test (p <0.05) was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the amounts of SLN, PGC1α, and FNDC5 proteins in the experimental group were significantly different from the control group in SOL muscle, but the amounts of FNDC5 protein in the EDL muscle of the HIIT group were not significantly different from the control group. The results showed that by observing the changes in the amounts of regulatory proteins related to cellular metabolism due to high-intensity interval training, this training method could be suggested to increase metabolism and improve the lipid oxidation process in a short time.

Abstract High-intensity exercise training is one of the effective strategies to improve the performance of athletes to achieve excellent physical fitness. In the meantime, a look at the history of sports immunology reveals the idea of window theory, which has been of great concern. According to the history of exercise immunology, high-intensity exercise training can suppress the immune system leading to respiratory infections. It has recently been shown that high-intensity exercise training has no effect on suppressing the immune system. In this review, a new perspective on the immune system and high-intensity exercise training was presented to readers. Moreover, a new look at the history of high-intensity exercise training and the immune system and recent review studies was provided and some suggestions are offered.